基本定義
カードエッジコネクターは、回路基板(PCB)の端にある「ゴールドフィンガー」とコネクター内部のフレキシブルな金属コンタクトを直接接触させることで、2つの回路システムを電気的およびデータ的に接続する一般的なタイプの電気コネクターです。 この設計により、追加のはんだ付けや複雑な機械的接続が不要となり、ハードウェアの拡張やメンテナンスが容易になります。
動作原理
1.コンタクトマッチング
– カードエッジコネクターは、コネクタースロットの両側に複数のフレキシブルメタルコンタクト(コンタクトタブ)で内部設計されています。
– PCBエッジのゴールド・フィンガーは銅導電層で、優れた導電性と耐摩耗性を確保するために精密な金メッキが施されています。
– ゴールド・フィンガーがコネクター・スロットに挿入されると、コンタクトはゴールド・フィンガーと直接接触し、電気的接続を確立します。
2.弾性圧力
– 金属コンタクトは弾性構造で設計されており、ゴールドフィンガーが挿入されると、コンタクトは一定の圧力を発生し、安定した機械的・電気的接続を確保すると同時に、振動や移動による接触不良を防ぎます。
3.信号伝送
– 挿入後、信号はPCBゴールド・フィンガーからコネクター接点を介して、コネクターに接続された別の基板やデバイスに伝送されます。
– 最適化されたコンタクト間隔と導電性材料により、抵抗とインダクタンスが低減され、伝送速度とシグナルインテグリティが向上します。
カードエッジコネクターの構造
1.メタルスロット(コンタクト)
– 材質:コンタクトは通常、高い導電性と耐酸化性を持つ金メッキ銅または銀メッキ銅で作られている。
– 配列:コンタクトは、PCB のゴールド・フィンガー・デザインに合わせて間隔をあけて配置される。 コンタクトの間隔と数は、特定のインターフェース規格(PCIe、DIMMなど)に依存します。
– 圧力メカニズム:コンタクトは、物理的安定性と導電性を確保するため、弾性圧力によってゴールドフィンガーと接触して保持されます。
2.カード・エッジ・コネクタ・インターフェース
– カードエッジコネクターのもう一方の端は、はんだ付けまたは圧着によってマザーボードまたはデバイス回路基板に接続される。
– インターフェースの種類は多様で、高速伝送規格(PCIe 4.0、5.0など)に対応できる。
3.カードスロットの設計
– カードスロットは通常絶縁材料で作られ、物理的なサポートとアライメント機能を提供し、ゴールドフィンガーとコンタクト間のミスアライメントやショートを防ぎます。
– デバイスの適切な接続を保証し、部品を損傷する逆挿入を避けるため、挿入方向をガイドする構造とする。
カードエッジコネクターはPCBと連動する
1.ゴールドフィンガー設計
– PCB上のゴールドフィンガーは、導電性と耐食性を向上させるため、表面に金メッキを施した銅箔で作られています。
– 各金指は信号線または電力線に対応し、特定の信号または電力の伝送を担当します。
2.機械的マッチング
– PCBの厚さ、金指の長さと幅、コンタクト間隔は、スムーズな抜き差しを保証するために、コネクターの仕様に完全に一致させる必要があります。
– ほとんどのカードエッジコネクターの設計は、複数回の抜き差しに対応するように設計されており、抜き差しの力は、PCBやコネクターにダメージを与えないように最適化されています。
3.電気接続
– カードエッジコネクターのPCBへの接続は、高品質のコンタクトと正確な機械的マッチングにより、低インピーダンスと高周波信号伝達能力を提供します。
– 高速インターフェース(例:PCIe)のカードエッジコネクターは、低ノイズと高信号品質を保証するために、厳しいシグナルインテグリティテストの対象となります。
利点と特長
1.安定した電気接続
– 接触圧力と金メッキのゴールドフィンガーにより、長期間の使用でも信頼性の高い接続を保証します。
2.着脱が容易
– カードスロットの設計は、インストールと交換を簡素化し、ホットスワップをサポートしています。
3.高い拡張性
– 複数のPCBを同じマザーボードに接続でき、ハードウェアシステムの拡張性を高めます。
概要
カードエッジコネクターは、シンプルで効率的な設計により、信頼性が高く拡張性のある電気的接続を提供する。 その基本的な動作モードは、金属コンタクトとゴールド・フィンガー間の精密接触に依存し、最適化されたメカニクスと高品質な素材により、高速伝送と長期安定性を実現します。 このコネクタとPCBとの相乗効果により、コンピュータ・ハードウェアの分野では不可欠なキーコンポーネントとなっています。
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